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    With a nationwide area of 12.61 million mu dedicated to rice–shrimp co-culture, which pesticides are safe to use?

    Release Date:

    2019-09-04

    Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs released the “Report on the Development of the Crayfish Industry (2019).” The report provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the industry’s performance and key characteristics in 2018, while also offering an analysis and forecast of medium- and long-term development trends.

    According to the report’s estimates, the total output value of the crayfish industry reached RMB 369 billion, up 37.5% year on year.

    Rice–shrimp co-culture covers 12.61 million mu.

    Brand influence is gradually becoming apparent.

     

    According to reports, within the crayfish industry’s total output value, aquaculture accounts for RMB 68 billion, the secondary sector—primarily processing—contributes RMB 28.4 billion, and the tertiary sector—centered on catering—generates RMB 272.6 billion. Over the course of the year, total crayfish production reached 1.6387 million tons, with a total farming area of 16.8 million mu.

    Among them, crayfish–rice co-culture accounts for the largest share, with a production of 1.1865 million tons and a farming area of 12.61 million mu.

    The top five provinces in terms of output are: Hubei: 812,400 tons; Hunan: 237,600 tons; Anhui: 217,500 tons; Jiangsu: 166,800 tons; Jiangxi: 110,200 tons. , with Hubei accounting for approximately half of the nation’s total output.

    In 2018, the crayfish processing industry attracted strong interest from the capital markets, with several well-known e‑commerce platforms fully entering the logistics and foodservice sectors. Trading volumes continued to grow, while cold-chain delivery and logistics infrastructure expanded rapidly. The network of crayfish logistics routes became increasingly sophisticated, significantly boosting transportation efficiency. Online and offline consumption channels for crayfish kept expanding: the number of brick-and-mortar crayfish restaurants surged by more than 140,000, an increase of nearly 70%, and the share of the online food‑delivery market rose markedly.

    Localities are placing increasing emphasis on cultivating crayfish brands. A number of regionally distinctive public brands, as well as enterprise brands with national or regional influence, have emerged.

    From a medium- to long-term perspective, Overall, China’s crayfish industry is expected to maintain a steady yet progressive growth trajectory, though the pace of expansion will moderate, and the sector’s supply‑demand balance will gradually stabilize. The industrial chain has been further extended, and the industrial structure has undergone adjustments, with the share of the secondary sector increasing. The organizational and scale‑up levels of business entities have continued to improve, and industrialized operations have emerged as the prevailing development trend.

    Although lobster is delicious,

    However, there are quite a few problems in aquaculture.

    Researcher Tang Yabin of the Hubei Provincial Aquatic Technology Extension Station believes that the rice–shrimp co-culture model currently still faces nine major challenges:

    First, not many are making money, while quite a few are losing money. Farmers are split evenly among those making a profit, breaking even with minimal margins, and incurring losses. Since May, crayfish prices have been changing daily, exposing the distribution chain to significant risks. With strong seasonality—peak supply in April, May, June, and July—the market often outstrips processing capacity, making it difficult for processors to turn a profit.

    Second, there is widespread blind project initiation and a serious tendency to follow the crowd. In some areas, even dryland has been converted to crayfish farming, with little regard for whether the water sources, water quality, or soil conditions are suitable. Many farmers lack basic knowledge of aquaculture techniques, and land‑lease fees top out at just 1,350 yuan.

    Third, field engineering is conducted haphazardly and lacks standardized procedures. Many farmers lack a thorough understanding of crayfish biology, and on certain technical standards, experts hold differing opinions, making it difficult for farmers to make informed decisions.

    Fourth, shrimp farming has been prioritized over rice cultivation, with an excessive focus on economic gains; in many cases, paddy fields have even been entirely converted into ponds.

    Fifth, disease outbreaks in crayfish are particularly severe, with frequent occurrences around May.

    Sixth, the selection of high-quality rice varieties, Different cultivation systems require distinct rice varieties, with specific traits such as growth duration, lodging resistance, fertilizer tolerance, and pest‑and‑disease resistance.

    Seventh, crayfish farming prioritizes yield over quality. Small sizes are abundant, while larger sizes are scarce, resulting in overall lower prices. Eighth, with a concentrated market launch in May, low shrimp prices hurt farmers, followed by widespread shortages in July and August.

    Ninth, improper use of inputs. including products for insect control, fungicide, algaecide, and moss eradication, have frequently resulted in large-scale shrimp mortality incidents.

    What kind of pesticide,

    Can rice–shrimp co-culture be used safely?

    Professor Hua Hongxia of Huazhong Agricultural University notes that, compared with monoculture rice, the main rice–shrimp production areas have seen a reduction of more than 50% per mu in the application rates of both pesticides and chemical fertilizers. However, given the unknown safety of pesticide products for crayfish, selecting appropriate agricultural inputs remains a major challenge for distributors and farmers alike. She has outlined five strategies for crayfish medication tailored to farmers:
    First, crayfish are highly sensitive to many pesticides; therefore, it is necessary to… Prioritize the use of physical and biological control methods. , when used in conjunction with chemical control, try to It features high efficiency, low toxicity, and high specificity. Pesticide products.
    Second, Pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides must not be used.
    Third, after applying pesticides, it is best to… Maintain for a period of time “ Rice–shrimp separation 。
    Fourth, as much as possible Avoid use during the early stages of juvenile shrimp. 。
    Fifth, An assessment of the safety of pesticides for crayfish is indispensable. Different formulations containing the same active ingredient, as well as mixed‑formulation pesticides, must each undergo a separate safety assessment.
    Liu Ducai, a researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection of the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, recommends The use of the following pesticides is strictly prohibited, and measures must be taken to prevent irrigation water containing these pesticides from entering lobster ponds. ：
    1. Insecticides: chlorpyrifos, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, carbosulfan, trichlorfon, methamidophos, pyrethroids, organophosphates;
    2. Fungicides: pyraclostrobin > trifloxystrobin > dinocap > azoxystrobin > kresoxim-methyl;
    3. Herbicides: butachlor, 2,4-D, cyhalofop-butyl, and lower‑grade pretilachlor.

     

    Source: Compiled from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Agricultural Materials Herald.

     

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