(Authorized for Release) Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Sector

Release Date:

2023-07-20

BEIJING, July 19 (Xinhua) —

Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Sector

(July 14, 2023)

　　The private sector is a vital driving force behind the advancement of Chinese modernization, an important foundation for high-quality development, and a key pillar in our country’s efforts to fully build a strong socialist modern nation and achieve the Second Centenary Goal. To foster the growth and strengthening of the private sector, the following guidelines are hereby put forward.

　　I. General Requirements

　　Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, uphold the overarching principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully, accurately, and comprehensively apply the new development philosophy, accelerate the establishment of a new development pattern, and vigorously promote high-quality development. We will remain committed to the reform direction of the socialist market economy, adhere to the “two unwaverings,” and speed up the creation of a world-class business environment that is market‑oriented, law‑based, and internationally competitive. We will optimize the development environment for the private sector, protect the property rights of private enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with the law, and comprehensively foster a relationship between government and business characterized by both closeness and integrity. In this way, all forms of ownership will be able to use production factors equally under the law, participate fairly in market competition, and enjoy equal legal protection. We will guide private enterprises to continuously enhance their quality of development through self‑reform and growth, compliant operations, and transformation and upgrading, thereby helping the private sector grow bigger, better, and stronger, making positive contributions in the new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects, and shouldering greater missions, assuming heavier responsibilities, and playing an even more significant role in the historic process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　II. Continuously Optimizing the Development Environment for the Private Sector

　　Build a high-standard socialist market economy, continuously optimize a development environment that is stable, fair, transparent, and predictable, and fully unleash the vitality and dynamism of the private sector.

　　(1) Continuously dismantle barriers to market access. All regions and departments shall not impose, or indirectly impose, entry barriers through measures such as filing, registration, annual inspections, recognition, certification, designation, or requirements to establish branch offices. They shall review and standardize the preconditions and approval criteria for administrative approvals, licenses, filings, and other government services; refrain from converting government service matters into intermediary‑service items; and, absent statutory or regulatory grounds, may not require enterprises to conduct their own testing, inspection, certification, appraisal, notarization, or provide supporting documentation prior to accessing government services. Market access effectiveness assessments shall be carried out in a steady and orderly manner, a complaint‑handling and response mechanism for market access barriers shall be established, and systems for collecting and disseminating typical cases shall be improved.

　　(II) Fully implement policies and systems for fair competition. Strengthen the foundational role of competition policy, improve the institutional framework and enforcement mechanisms for fair competition, and ensure equal treatment and non-discrimination among enterprises of all forms of ownership. Intensify antitrust enforcement to curb the abuse of administrative power that excludes or restricts competition. No exclusive operating rights shall be granted without a fair‑competition review, nor shall there be any restrictions on the operation, purchase, or use of goods and services provided by specific operators. Regularly publish a negative list of market‑intervention measures, and promptly revise or abolish policies that impede the development of a unified market and fair competition, such as those involving local protectionism, market segmentation, or designated transactions. Optimize and refine the implementation of industrial policies, establish a catalog of preferential policies for enterprises, and make it publicly available in a timely manner.

　　(3) Improve the social credit incentive and restraint mechanisms. Enhance the system for recording and sharing credit information, comprehensively promote the credit commitment system, and incorporate commitments and performance‑related information into credit records. Leverage the role of credit‑based incentives to strengthen the sense of gain among enterprises with good credit standing. Refine the credit‑based restraint mechanism, and impose sanctions on responsible entities in accordance with the law and relevant regulations, as set out in the list of punitive measures for breaches of trust. Establish a sound mechanism for restoring credit after rectifying untrustworthy conduct, and develop corresponding administrative measures. Strengthen the government’s commitment‑to‑contract mechanism, establish and improve systems for recording and sanctioning breaches of trust by government bodies, and include information on default or breach of contract, payment arrears, and refusal to enforce judicial rulings—among other forms of untrustworthiness—by government agencies and public institutions in the National Credit Information Sharing Platform.

　　(4) Improve the market‑based restructuring mechanism. Encourage private enterprises to revitalize existing assets and raise capital. Adhere to precise identification and tailored measures; for enterprises facing financial distress but still possessing growth prospects and rescue value, actively apply bankruptcy reorganization and bankruptcy settlement procedures in accordance with market‑oriented and rule‑of‑law principles. Promote revisions to the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law and refine its supporting institutional framework. Optimize policies related to the conversion of individual business households into corporate entities, thereby reducing conversion costs.

　　III. Strengthen Policy Support for the Private Sector

　　Precisely formulate and implement various support policies, refine policy implementation mechanisms, enhance policy coherence, promptly address public concerns and legitimate interests, and effectively resolve practical difficulties.

　　(5) Improve financing support policies and systems. Establish a market‑based mechanism for sharing financing risks, with the participation of banks, insurers, guarantee institutions, securities firms, and other stakeholders. Enhance the credit rating and evaluation framework for small, medium, and micro enterprises as well as individual business households; strengthen the collection of enterprise‑related credit information; and promote service models such as “Xinyidai.” Support eligible private small, medium, and micro enterprises in raising funds through the bond market, encourage qualified private enterprises to issue science‑and‑technology innovation corporate bonds, and expand the coverage and enhance the credit enhancement of special programs designed to support bond financing by private enterprises. Also, support eligible private enterprises in accessing equity financing and refinancing.

　　(6) Improve the mechanisms for the regular prevention and clearance of overdue payments. Strictly enforce the Regulations on Ensuring Payment to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, establish a sound long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving overdue payments to SMEs, and, in accordance with laws and regulations, strengthen accountability and impose stricter penalties on those responsible. Government agencies, public institutions, and large enterprises shall not refuse or delay payment to SMEs and individual business households on grounds such as internal personnel changes, adherence to internal payment procedures, or, in the absence of contractual provisions, waiting for approval of completion acceptance or final account audits. Establish systems for the regular disclosure of overdue payments, advisory guidance, and proactive enforcement. Strengthen information disclosure regarding commercial bills and refine credit‑based constraints in the bill market. Enhance complaint‑handling and credit‑supervision mechanisms for overdue payments, and intensify public exposure of cases involving malicious delays in payment. Further improve the mechanisms for the routine coordination of overdue‑payment clearance with auditing, oversight, and inspection activities.

　　(7) Strengthen safeguards for talent and labor demand. Facilitate the flow of talent into private enterprises and improve policy mechanisms for seamless transitions in personnel management, personnel file administration, social security, and other related areas. Refine the evaluation procedures for professional titles in private enterprises, streamline access to such evaluations, and enhance title‑evaluation standards that are oriented toward market‑based assessments. Establish platforms to match employment needs of private enterprises and individual business households with job seekers’ profiles. Vigorously promote school–enterprise cooperation and the integration of industry and education. Advance the development of a skilled workforce in the private sector and optimize the environment for career advancement. Strengthen protections for the rights and interests of workers in flexible and new forms of employment, and leverage the role of platform enterprises in expanding employment opportunities.

　　(8) Improve the mechanism for ensuring that support policies are delivered directly and accessed swiftly. Fully leverage the direct‑delivery mechanism for fiscal funds to expedite the disbursement of enterprise‑related funding. Increase the transparency of subsidies targeted at businesses and subject them to public oversight. For private small, medium, and micro enterprises as well as individual business households, establish a “no‑application‑required, automatic‑access” mechanism for support policies, promote the notification‑and‑commitment system, and eliminate the requirement for repeated submission of documents that relevant authorities can obtain through public data platforms.

　　(9) Strengthen policy communication and expectation management. In accordance with laws and regulations, duly follow the procedures for adjusting policies affecting enterprises, and establish reasonable transition periods based on actual circumstances. Enhance the dissemination and interpretation of policies directly targeted at private enterprises and individual business households. Support government departments at all levels in inviting leading entrepreneurs to provide advisory input, and fully leverage the role of entrepreneurs in the formulation and evaluation of enterprise‑related policies, plans, and standards.

　　IV. Strengthening the Rule of Law to Safeguard the Development of the Private Sector

　　Improve the legal framework for the equal protection of all forms of ownership, fostering a favorable and stable environment of expectations for the development of the private sector.

　　(10) Protect the property rights of private enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with the law. Prevent and rectify the use of administrative or criminal measures to interfere in economic disputes, as well as local protectionism in law enforcement and judicial proceedings. Further standardize compulsory measures involving property rights, ensuring that seizures, detentions, and freezes of assets do not exceed statutory authority, scope, amount, or time limits. With respect to business-related assets that should not be seized, detained, or frozen, while safeguarding the normal conduct of investigative activities, relevant parties may be permitted to continue their reasonable use, provided that appropriate measures are taken to preserve the value and secure such assets, thereby minimizing the impact of investigations and case handling on routine office operations and lawful production and business activities. Improve mechanisms for appeals and retrials in enterprise‑related cases, and establish sound systems for effectively preventing miscarriages of justice and for their regular correction.

　　(11) Establish institutional mechanisms for preventing and addressing corruption at its source within private enterprises. Issue judicial interpretations to strengthen, in accordance with the law, penalties for corruption offenses such as embezzlement, misappropriation of funds, and bribery committed by employees of private enterprises. Improve the mechanisms for tracing, recovering, and disposing of assets involved in criminal cases. Deepen compliance reforms for enterprises implicated in legal proceedings, and promote law-abiding and compliant business operations among private enterprises. Enhance efforts to address the root causes of corruption in private enterprises, guiding them to establish robust auditing and oversight systems and sound financial and accounting practices. Fully leverage the role of Party organizations within private enterprises, encourage enterprises to strengthen legal education, and foster a corporate culture characterized by integrity and probity. Establish a multi-stakeholder mechanism for combating corruption in private enterprises, and advance the development of law-based and clean‑governed private enterprises.

　　(12) Continuously improve the intellectual property protection system. Strengthen safeguards for original innovation by private small, medium, and micro enterprises. Strictly enforce systems such as punitive damages for IP infringement and interim measures. Establish a fast-track mechanism for handling IP infringement cases and administrative non-litigious enforcement, and refine the cross-regional jurisdiction framework of IP courts. Study and enhance IP protection measures for innovative outcomes in areas such as business improvements and cultural creativity, and rigorously crack down on unfair competition practices—including trade secret misappropriation and trademark confusion—as well as illegal acts like malicious trademark squatting. Intensify criminal prosecution of IP‑related offenses and crimes. Improve the guidance mechanism for addressing overseas IP disputes.

　　(13) Improve the regulatory and law‑enforcement system. Strengthen the standardization and regularization of regulation, publicly disclose regulatory standards and rules in accordance with the law, and enhance the stability and predictability of regulatory systems and policies. Enhance the fairness, standardization, and simplicity of regulation, and eliminate selective enforcement and “self‑certification”‑style oversight that requires enterprises to prove their own compliance. Encourage cross‑administrative‑region collaboration, in line with applicable regulations, to jointly issue unified regulatory policies, laws, and standards, and to conduct coordinated law‑enforcement activities. In accordance with the principle of combining education with punishment, adopt enforcement approaches such as notification, reminders, and persuasion, and, for first‑time violations where the harm is minor and remedial measures are promptly taken, refrain from imposing administrative penalties in accordance with the law.

　　(14) Improve the long-term regulatory mechanism for enterprise‑related fees. Continuously refine the government‑priced fee‑listing system, ensure regular public disclosure, and welcome oversight from businesses and the general public. Streamline channels for reporting and lodging complaints about illegal or improper charges levied on enterprises, establish standardized mechanisms for inter‑departmental sharing and referral of leads, and implement joint punitive measures through a combination of market regulation, sector‑specific oversight, and credit‑based supervision. Publicly expose high‑profile cases of unlawful fee collection.

　　V. Strive to promote high-quality development of the private sector

　　Guide private enterprises to implement the new development philosophy, gain a deep understanding of their existing shortcomings and the challenges they face, transform their development model, adjust their industrial structure, and shift their growth drivers. They should remain committed to their core businesses, strengthen the real economy, and proactively pursue a path of high-quality development.

　　(15) Guide the improvement of corporate governance structures and management systems. Support and encourage private enterprises to refine their corporate governance frameworks, standardize shareholder conduct, and strengthen internal oversight, thereby achieving sound governance, effective checks and balances, and compliant operations. Encourage eligible private enterprises to establish and perfect a modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics. In accordance with the law, promote the separation of corporate assets from the personal or family assets of investors, and clarify the enterprise’s ownership structure. Conduct research to develop a risk‑assessment framework and early‑warning mechanism, providing advance notice of situations that could severely disrupt business operations and potentially give rise to social stability risks. Support private enterprises in enhancing their risk‑prevention and management capabilities, and guide them in establishing comprehensive risk‑management systems that cover all areas, including corporate strategy, planning, investment and financing, and market operations, while strengthening their awareness and capacity for quality management.

　　(16) Support the enhancement of scientific and technological innovation capabilities. Encourage private enterprises, in line with national strategic priorities and industry development trends, to continuously increase R&D investment, tackle key core technologies, and actively undertake major national science and technology projects in accordance with relevant regulations. Foster a cohort of leading private technology firms in critical sectors, specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative SMEs, and distinctive industrial clusters of SMEs with strong innovation capacity. Strengthen government procurement of innovative products, leverage the first‑of‑its‑kind insurance and compensation mechanism, and support the iterative application of innovative products developed by private enterprises. Promote integrated innovation among enterprises of different ownership structures and across large, medium, and small sizes, and facilitate joint efforts to address common technological challenges. Improve the management systems and technology transfer mechanisms of universities and research institutes, thereby boosting their enthusiasm for supporting the innovative development of private micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. Support private enterprises in partnering with research institutions to establish innovation platforms such as technology R&D centers, industrial research institutes, pilot-scale demonstration bases, engineering research centers, and manufacturing innovation centers. Assist private enterprises in strengthening basic and cutting-edge research and in translating research outcomes into practical applications.

　　(17) Accelerate digital transformation and technological upgrading. Encourage private enterprises to conduct research and development on common digital technologies and to participate in the investment, construction, and application‑driven innovation of new infrastructure such as data centers and the industrial internet. Support the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises by promoting the widespread adoption of low‑cost, modular smart manufacturing equipment and systems. Guide private enterprises to actively advance standardization efforts and enhance product quality. Assist private firms in intensifying green and low‑carbon upgrades of production processes, equipment, and technologies; accelerate the development of flexible manufacturing; strengthen their capacity for rapid expansion and conversion of production in response to emergencies; and bolster the resilience of industrial chains.

　　(18) Encourage the enhancement of international competitiveness. Support private enterprises in leveraging their own strengths to proactively expand into areas such as the design and R&D of core components and high-end manufactured products; strengthen brand building to elevate the reputation of “Made in China.” Encourage private enterprises to broaden their overseas operations, actively participate in the joint development of the Belt and Road Initiative, and engage in overseas projects in an orderly manner, while complying with local laws and regulations and fulfilling their social responsibilities as they go global. Provide improved guidance and support to help private enterprises guard against and respond to external challenges such as trade protectionism, unilateralism, and extraterritorial jurisdiction. Strengthen inter‑departmental coordination and establish a collaborative mechanism for preventing and mitigating risks related to the personal and property security of private-sector entrepreneurs operating abroad.

　　(19) Support participation in major national strategies. Encourage private enterprises, on a voluntary and self‑driven basis, to enhance employees’ share of the fruits of enterprise development by expanding employment opportunities and improving wage‑distribution systems. Support private firms in investing in labor‑intensive manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, and eco‑industries in the central, western, and northeastern regions, thereby accelerating development in old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority regions, and contributing to border‑area development and poverty alleviation. Support private enterprises in advancing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals by providing decarbonization technologies and services, increasing investment in renewable energy generation and energy storage, and participating in carbon‑emission‑rights and energy‑use‑rights trading. Facilitate private sector involvement in rural revitalization by fostering the growth of new agricultural business entities and socialized service organizations, promoting modern agriculture and animal husbandry, developing a high‑quality modern agricultural processing industry, and, based on local conditions, cultivating modern agricultural services. Strengthen specialty industries such as agritourism and rural tourism, and actively engage in the “Ten Thousand Enterprises Revitalize Ten Thousand Villages” initiative. Support private enterprises in comprehensively strengthening infrastructure development, guiding private capital to participate in new‑type urbanization, transportation and water‑conservation projects, and other major undertakings and initiatives aimed at addressing critical shortcomings.

　　(20) Regulate and guide the sound development of private capital in accordance with the law. Improve the legal framework for regulating and guiding the healthy growth of private capital, establish “traffic lights” to signal permissible and restricted areas, refine institutional rules governing capital behavior, and proactively introduce a batch of “green‑light” investment cases. Comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of capital governance, strengthen capital oversight capabilities, and advance the modernization of the regulatory system. Guide the platform economy toward openness, innovation, and empowerment, address existing shortcomings and weak links, and support platform enterprises in playing a leading role in job creation, expanding consumption, and enhancing international competitiveness, thereby promoting the standardized, healthy, and sustainable development of the platform economy. Encourage private enterprises to focus on strengthening and optimizing their core businesses and elevating their core competitiveness.

　　VI. Promoting the Healthy Growth of Private-sector Entrepreneurs

　　Fully implement the guiding principles of trust, unity, service, guidance, and education; adopt pragmatic measures to reassure, inspire, and unite the people; and guide private-sector entrepreneurs in upholding and promoting the entrepreneurial spirit.

　　(21) Improve the mechanisms for ideological and political development among private-sector entrepreneurs. Actively yet prudently carry out Party-member recruitment among outstanding representatives of the private sector. Deepen education on ideals and convictions as well as on the core socialist values. Educate and guide Party members within the private sector to strengthen their ideals and convictions, assume a pioneering and exemplary role, and resolutely implement the Party’s theories, lines, principles, and policies. Actively explore and innovate approaches to Party building in the private-sector sphere.

　　(22) Foster and promote the entrepreneurial spirit. Guide private-sector entrepreneurs to strengthen their patriotic sentiments, embrace innovation, uphold integrity and abide by the law, assume social responsibility, and broaden their international outlook—encouraging them to be bold in taking risks and acting decisively, thereby continuously unleashing their innovative vitality and creative potential. Leverage the exemplary and catalytic role of outstanding entrepreneurs, intensify efforts to recognize and commend them in accordance with relevant regulations, vigorously cultivate the entrepreneurial spirit within the private sector, and promptly summarize and disseminate best practices for entrepreneur development that are distinctly Chinese in character and aligned with contemporary trends.

　　(23) Strengthen the development of the contingent of representatives from the private sector. Optimize the structure of this contingent, improve the selection mechanisms, and ensure balanced representation across regions, industries, and enterprise sizes, with appropriate emphasis on strategic emerging industries, high‑tech sectors, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and modern agriculture. Standardize political arrangements, refine the relevant comprehensive evaluation system, and prudently recommend outstanding figures from the private sector as candidates for people’s congress deputies at all levels and members of the CPPCC committees, thereby enabling the Federation of Industry and Commerce to serve as the primary channel for the orderly political participation of private-sector leaders. Support private-sector representatives in playing a greater role in international economic activities and economic organizations.

　　(24) Enhance the education and training system for private-sector entrepreneurs. Improve mechanisms for specialized training and study‑and‑discussion sessions, further intensifying educational and capacity‑building efforts. Refine the training framework for private small, medium, and micro enterprises, establishing a multi‑sectoral, multi‑level training system that integrates online and offline components. Strengthen tiered development of private-sector entrepreneurs, establish and refine a mentorship and guidance system for the younger generation, and facilitate the orderly handover and succession of business leadership.

　　(25) Comprehensively foster a relationship between government and business that is both close and clean. Ensure that this relationship is put into practice by establishing a new, mutually beneficial model of government–business ties characterized by both closeness and integrity. Leading cadres at all levels should engage with private-sector entrepreneurs in an open, sincere, and constructive manner, taking proactive steps and providing front‑line services to help private enterprises and their leaders overcome difficulties and deliver tangible results, all in accordance with the law and regulations. They must uphold ethical boundaries, guard against risks of corruption, and maintain a balance between being close yet measured and clean yet effective. Meanwhile, private-sector entrepreneurs should actively and proactively communicate and collaborate with Party committees, governments, and relevant departments at all levels, speaking truthfully, presenting factual information, and offering candid advice; they should conduct themselves with integrity, follow laws and regulations in running their businesses, and pursue sound, transparent, and lawful operations.

　　VII. Continuously foster a social environment that cares for and promotes the development and growth of the private sector.

　　Guide and support the private sector in fulfilling its social responsibilities, projecting a positive image, engaging more effectively with public opinion, and fostering a favorable social climate characterized by sound understanding, due respect, and genuine concern for the private economy.

　　(26) Guide the whole of society to form an objective, accurate, and comprehensive understanding of the private sector and private-sector entrepreneurs. Strengthen theoretical research and public outreach, adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and maintaining objectivity and impartiality, and ensure proper guidance of public opinion. Encourage society to recognize the private sector’s significant contributions and vital role, and to view with due regard the wealth earned by private-sector entrepreneurs through lawful and compliant business practices. Resolutely oppose, promptly refute, and clarify erroneous statements and actions that question the basic socialist economic system or seek to deny or undermine the private sector, while promptly addressing public concerns and allaying anxieties.

　　(27) Foster a public‑opinion environment that respects the private sector’s innovation and entrepreneurship. Strengthen publicity and reporting on the exemplary deeds of outstanding entrepreneurs and on efforts to accelerate the development of world‑class enterprises, thereby rallying positive energy that champions innovation and entrepreneurship and enhancing entrepreneurs’ sense of honor and social value. Cultivate a public‑opinion climate and a broader societal ethos that encourages innovation and tolerates failure, offering understanding, tolerance, and support for any mistakes or setbacks encountered by private‑sector actors in their lawful business operations. Establish inter‑departmental coordination mechanisms, rigorously enforce the law to crack down on extortion and other illicit practices that exploit negative public sentiment, and improve relevant reporting channels to reduce the costs of safeguarding businesses’ rights.

　　(28) Support private enterprises in better fulfilling their social responsibilities. Educate and guide private enterprises to consciously shoulder the social responsibility of promoting common prosperity, actively foster harmonious labor relations within their organizations, and work to build a community of shared interests among all employees, ensuring that the fruits of enterprise development benefit all staff more equitably. Encourage and inspire entrepreneurs in the private sector to be pragmatic builders and dedicated contributors in the new era, realizing their personal value at a higher level, projecting to society a positive image of law-abiding conduct and adherence to social ethics, and striving to achieve prosperity with responsibility, righteousness, and compassion. Explore the establishment of a corporate social responsibility evaluation system and incentive mechanisms for private enterprises, guiding them to enthusiastically engage in the Guangcai Program and public‑welfare and charitable endeavors, participate in emergency relief efforts, and support national defense.

　　VIII. Strengthening Organization and Implementation

　　(29) Uphold and strengthen the Party’s leadership. Ensure the CPC Central Committee’s centralized and unified leadership over work related to the private sector, and integrate Party leadership into every stage and aspect of this work. Adhere to the correct political direction, establish and improve mechanisms for the development of the private sector and private enterprises, clarify and enforce departmental responsibilities, enhance coordination and cooperation, and strengthen linkages between the central and local levels. Support the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce in playing an even more effective role in promoting the sound development of the private sector and the healthy growth of private-sector entrepreneurs.

　　(30) Improve and implement incentive and constraint mechanisms. Strengthen oversight and enforcement of existing policies, with a particular focus on ensuring the thorough and meticulous implementation of measures that promote the development and growth of the private sector, safeguard property rights, and foster an entrepreneurial spirit, while refining the evaluation and supervision system. Establish and enhance a platform for addressing complaints and protecting the rights of the private sector, and improve the systems for maintaining confidentiality in handling complaints and reports, as well as the procedures for processing such matters and the mechanisms for follow-up, assessment, and accountability.

　　31. Conduct timely summarization and evaluation. In the context of consistency assessments with macroeconomic policy orientations, carry out special evaluations and reviews of policies related to the private sector. Improve China’s business environment assessment system and refine the third-party evaluation mechanism for policy implementation effectiveness. Strengthen statistical monitoring and evaluation of the private sector, and, where necessary, explore the development of a unified and standardized index for private-sector economic development. Continuously innovate and advance the “Jinjiang Experience,” promptly summarize and disseminate best practices from across the country, and institutionalize effective approaches through appropriate mechanisms.

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